The outcomes highlighted in the meta-analysis imply that connectivity aberrations are functionally oriented, predominantly occurring in cortical areas responsible for cognitive and emotional processes associated with ASD symptoms. For instance, a meta-analysis of resting-state fMRI functional connectivity in pediatric ASD populations underscored consistent patterns of local under-connectivity across selected experiments, chiefly within the default mode and sensorimotor areas 6. The unsettled debate also extends to the disturbed patterns of neuronal connections in short-range focal pathways, though contemporary research is leaning towards local hyperconnectivity in ASD. However, previous fMRI studies have reported inconsistent results, demonstrating evidence of both long-range hyperconnectivity and hypoconnectivity in ASD populations 5. Predominant literature posits the occurrence of within- and between-hemispheric long-range underconnectivity 2, 3, 4. One prominent hypothesis suggests aberrations in functional connectivity patterns between distant brain regions in ASD subjects. Research indicates that autistic individuals exhibit distinct brain connectivity patterns compared to control groups 1. It has been suggested that ASD is characterized by atypical brain connectivity from an early age. Functional connectivity indicates how different brain regions synchronize or communicate. Functional EEG connectivity has been suggested as a fruitful source of potential biomarkers. Ensuring these biomarkers possess impeccable accuracy, consistency, and validity is imperative for their successful integration into clinical practice. Biomarkers serve as objective indicators reflecting standard biological processes, and they are invaluable for diagnostic purposes, prognostic assessments, and gauging the efficacy of treatments. Furthermore, studying these preliminary biomarkers can elucidate the inherent mechanisms and plausible causative routes leading to ASD manifestations in later stages. Additionally, the symptoms of ASD exhibit a high degree of heterogeneity, with varying levels of characteristic dysfunctions in individual patients.Įarly detection and intervention for ASD can potentially alter developmental pathways and significantly enhance the subsequent quality of life. ![]() Autism is a heterogeneous disorder with a complex etiology involving a multitude of factors, including genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and immunological contributors. ASD affects approximately 1–2% of the population, and over the past decade, there has been a steady rise in the number of diagnosed children. These dysfunctions often result in severe difficulties in everyday functioning. Similar content being viewed by othersĪutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition distinguished by social and communication deficits coupled with restricted interests and repetitive, stereotypic movements and behaviors. This improved approach is expected to contribute significantly to the existing body of knowledge on ASD and potentially guide personalized treatment strategies. Significantly, the utilization of machine learning methodologies empowered us to identify a unique subgroup of correctly classified children with ASD, defined by the analyzed EEG features. The concurrent use of statistical analysis and classical machine learning techniques advanced our understanding of model predictions derived from the spectral or connectivity attributes of a subject's EEG signal, while also verifying these predictions. To bolster our analysis and enhance their reliability, we conducted a retrospective study using two different connectivity metrics and employed both traditional statistical methods and machine learning techniques. ![]() However, these investigations, often constrained by small sample sizes, have led to inconsistent results, suggesting both heightened and diminished long-range connectivity within ASD populations. Numerous research efforts have indicated that individuals with ASD exhibit distinct brain connectivity patterns compared to control groups. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder hallmarked by challenges in social communication, limited interests, and repetitive, stereotyped movements and behaviors.
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